References
- M. Furholt and J. Müller, “The earliest monuments in Europe – architecture and social structures (5000-3000 cal bc).” 2011.
[BibTeX] [Download PDF]@inproceedings{Furholt2011a, author = {Martin Furholt and Johannes Müller}, crossref = {Furholt2011}, owner = {ograu}, timestamp = {2012.02.04}, title = {The earliest monuments in {E}urope – architecture and social structures (5000-3000 cal BC)}, url = {http://www.uni-kiel.de/ufg/bereiche/dateienJMueller/furholt_mueller_2011_monuments.pdf}, year = {2011} }
- C. Scarre, “Coast and cosmos. The Neolithic monuments of northern Brittany..” , 2002.
[BibTeX]@InBook{Scarre2002a, title = {{C}oast and cosmos. {T}he {N}eolithic monuments of northern {B}rittany.}, year = {2002}, author = {C. Scarre}, crossref = {Scarre2002}, owner = {ograu}, timestamp = {2010.12.12}, }
- P. Ashbee, I. F. Smith, and J. G. Evans, “Excavation of three long barrows near Avebury, Wiltshire,” Proceedings of the prehistoric society, vol. 45, p. 207–300, 1979.
[BibTeX]@article{Ashbee1979, author = {Paul Ashbee and Isobel Foster Smith and J G Evans}, journal = {Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society}, note = {RCN W000013695 Class Number AVE.930 Wiltshire \& Swindon History Centre}, owner = {ograu}, pages = {207–300}, timestamp = {2010.04.06}, title = {Excavation of three long barrows near {A}vebury, {W}iltshire}, volume = {45}, year = {1979} }
- R. J. C. Atkinson, “Wayland’s Smithy,” Antiquity, vol. 39, iss. 154, p. 126–133, 1965.
[BibTeX] [Abstract] [Download PDF]
The chambered long barrow of Waylands Smithy is one of our most famous megalithic monuments in southern Britain. I t was partially excavated by Sir Charles Peers and Mr Reginald Smith in 1919-20 and their excavations partialb published in the first volume of the Antiquaries Journal (1921). In 1962 and 1963, at the invitation of the Inspectorate of Ancient Monuments of the Ministry of Public Building and Works, the site was re-excavated, by Professws Atkinson and Piggott. Here Professor Atkinson gives us a summary account of the most interesting results that accrued. It is here presented in advance of the full report which will be published for the Ministry by H.M. Stationery Office.
@article{Atkinson1965, abstract = {The chambered long barrow of Waylands Smithy is one of our most famous megalithic monuments in southern Britain. I t was partially excavated by Sir Charles Peers and Mr Reginald Smith in 1919-20 and their excavations partialb published in the first volume of the Antiquaries Journal (1921). In 1962 and 1963, at the invitation of the Inspectorate of Ancient Monuments of the Ministry of Public Building and Works, the site was re-excavated, by Professws Atkinson and Piggott. Here Professor Atkinson gives us a summary account of the most interesting results that accrued. It is here presented in advance of the full report which will be published for the Ministry by H.M. Stationery Office.}, author = {R. J. C. Atkinson}, journal = {Antiquity}, number = {154}, owner = {ograu}, pages = {126–133}, timestamp = {2010.04.17}, title = {Wayland's {S}mithy}, url = {http://antiquity.ac.uk/Ant/039/0126/Ant0390126.pdf}, volume = {39}, year = {1965} }
- H. Bächtold-Stäubli and E. Hoffmann-Krayer, Handwörterbuch des deutschen Aberglaubens, “de” gruyter, 1935.
[BibTeX]@book{Baechtold1935, author = {Hanns Bächtold-Stäubli and Eduard Hoffmann-Krayer}, publisher = {“de” Gruyter}, title = {Handwörterbuch des deutschen {A}berglaubens}, year = {1935} }
- A. Burl, Prehistoric Avebury, Yale university press, 2002.
[BibTeX]@book{Burl2002, author = {Aubrey Burl}, isbn = {978-0300090871}, month = {May}, owner = {ograu}, pages = {272}, publisher = {Yale University Press}, timestamp = {2010.03.21}, title = {Prehistoric {A}vebury}, year = {2002} }
- S. Cassen, “Le Mané Lud en images. interprétations de signes gravés sur les parois de la tombe à couloir néolithique de locmariaquer (morbihan),” Gallia préhistoire, vol. 49, iss. 1, p. 197–258, 2007.
[BibTeX]@article{Cassen2007, author = {Serge Cassen}, file = {../megalithic-resources/books_articles/Brittany/Cassen2007_Mane_Lud.pdf:PDF;:http\://www.persee.fr/articleAsPDF/galip_0016-4127_2007_num_49_1_2455/article_galip_0016-4127_2007_num_49_1_2455.pdf}, journal = {Gallia préhistoire}, number = {1}, pages = {197–258}, publisher = {CNRS Editions}, title = {Le {M}ané {L}ud en images. Interprétations de signes gravés sur les parois de la tombe à couloir néolithique de Locmariaquer (Morbihan)}, volume = {49}, year = {2007} }
- S. Cassen, “Pigeon-raven and sperm whale, magical objects and domestic horned. the division of the world during the early neo-neolithic in Western france,” Documenta praehistorica, vol. XXXII, p. 197–204, 2005.
[BibTeX] [Download PDF]@article{Cassen2005a, author = {Serge Cassen}, journal = {Documenta Praehistorica}, owner = {ograu}, pages = {197–204}, timestamp = {2010.05.16}, title = {Pigeon-Raven and sperm whale, magical objects and domestic horned. The division of the world during the early neo-Neolithic in {W}estern France}, url = {http://arheologija.ff.uni-lj.si/documenta/pdf32/32cassen.pdf}, volume = {XXXII}, year = {2005} }
- S. Cassen, “Questions of epistemology and a working hypothesis about engravings of the 5th millennium in western France,” Antiquity, vol. 73, iss. 279, p. 198–205, 1999.
[BibTeX] [Download PDF]@article{Cassen1999, author = {Serge Cassen}, file = {../megalithic-resources/books_articles/Brittany/Ant0730198.pdf}, journal = {Antiquity}, number = {279}, owner = {ograu}, pages = {198–205}, timestamp = {2010.05.16}, title = {Questions of epistemology and a working hypothesis about engravings of the 5th millennium in western {F}rance}, url = {http://antiquity.ac.uk/ant/073/Ant0730198.htm}, volume = {73}, year = {1999} }
- S. Cassen, C. Boujot, J. Vaquero, and P. Anderson, Éléments d’architecture: exploration d’un tertre funéraire à lannec er gadouer (erdeven, morbihan): constructions et reconstructions dans le néolithique morbihannais; propositions pour une lecture symbolique, Association des publications chauvinoises, 2000.
[BibTeX]@book{Cassen2000, author = {S. Cassen and C. Boujot and J. Vaquero and P. Anderson}, isbn = {2909165434}, publisher = {Association des publications chauvinoises}, title = {Éléments d'architecture: exploration d'un tertre funéraire à Lannec er Gadouer (Erdeven, Morbihan): constructions et reconstructions dans le Néolithique morbihannais; propositions pour une lecture symbolique}, year = {2000} }
- S. Cassen, B. Lefèbvre, J. V. Lastres, and C. Collin, “Le mané lud en sauvetage (locmariaquer, morbihan). enregistrement et restitution de signes gravés dans une tombe à couloir néolithique,” L’anthropologie, vol. 109, iss. 2, p. 325–384, 2005. doi:10.1016/j.anthro.2005.04.004
[BibTeX] [Abstract]
The great tumulus of the Mané Lud is more known for its passage grave in secondary addition that finishes the western extremity and that contains a number of carvings among the most famous of the European corpus. Ten steles will be here described and illustrated by photography and drawings whose realization will have demanded more 600 hours of work, undertaken on the terrain as well as in laboratory. Several signs are inescapable and validate by their discovery the simple method of acquisition and numerical image processing that we have developed these last years. The majority of carvings is equally better specified and allowed henceforth a re-interpretation of associations of signs united on a same support, but equally a simultaneous perusal of these steles understood as monuments fully fledged, functioning originally in a whole other special and historical context. The back stele, often considered as the master piece of the mortuary structure, and residing nevertheless one armorican engraving among the most badly interpreted and one of the most cryptic, appears as a representation in fact particularly succeeded of a spermwhale, staggering cetacean that our anterior studies had already sensed.
@article{Cassen2005, abstract = {The great tumulus of the Mané Lud is more known for its passage grave in secondary addition that finishes the western extremity and that contains a number of carvings among the most famous of the European corpus. Ten steles will be here described and illustrated by photography and drawings whose realization will have demanded more 600 hours of work, undertaken on the terrain as well as in laboratory. Several signs are inescapable and validate by their discovery the simple method of acquisition and numerical image processing that we have developed these last years. The majority of carvings is equally better specified and allowed henceforth a re-interpretation of associations of signs united on a same support, but equally a simultaneous perusal of these steles understood as monuments fully fledged, functioning originally in a whole other special and historical context. The back stele, often considered as the master piece of the mortuary structure, and residing nevertheless one armorican engraving among the most badly interpreted and one of the most cryptic, appears as a representation in fact particularly succeeded of a spermwhale, staggering cetacean that our anterior studies had already sensed.}, author = {Serge Cassen and Benoît Lefèbvre and Jacobo Vaquero Lastres and Clément Collin}, doi = {10.1016/j.anthro.2005.04.004}, journal = {L'Anthropologie}, keywords = {Passage grave, Stele, Engraving, Spermwhale, Epistemology}, month = {April-June}, number = {2}, owner = {ograu}, pages = {325–384}, timestamp = {2010.04.04}, title = {Le Mané Lud en sauvetage (Locmariaquer, Morbihan). Enregistrement et restitution de signes gravés dans une tombe à couloir néolithique}, volume = {109}, year = {2005} }
- A. T. Chamberlain, “More dating evidence for human remains in british caves,” Antiquity, vol. 70, p. 950–953, 1996.
[BibTeX]@article{Chamberlain1996, author = {ANDREW T. Chamberlain}, journal = {Antiquity}, owner = {ograu}, pages = {950–953}, timestamp = {2010.11.26}, title = {More dating evidence for human remains in British caves}, volume = {70}, year = {1996} }
- I. Clausen, “Neolithische fundplätze am großen plöner see,” Offa-zeitschrift, vol. 42, p. 113–186, 1985.
[BibTeX]@article{Clausen1985, author = {Ingo Clausen}, file = {../megalithic-resources/books_articles/excavation-reports/Clausen1985.pdf}, journal = {Offa-Zeitschrift}, owner = {ograu}, pages = {113–186}, timestamp = {2010.06.02}, title = {Neolithische Fundplätze am Großen Plöner See}, volume = {42}, year = {1985} }
- M. T. H. Clough and W. A. Cummins, “Stone axe studies volume 2: the petrology of prehistoric stone implements from the british isles,” Council for British Archaeology, Reseach Report 67, 1988.
[BibTeX] [Download PDF]@techreport{Clough1988, author = {T H McK Clough and W A Cummins}, institution = {Council for British Archaeology}, note = {ISBN 0 906780 69 1}, number = {67}, owner = {ograu}, timestamp = {2010.05.08}, title = {Stone Axe Studies Volume 2: The petrology of prehistoric stone implements from the British Isles}, type = {Reseach Report}, url = {http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/library/cba/rr67.cfm?CFID=573996&CFTOKEN=39545028}, year = {1988} }
- M. T. H. Clough and W. A. Cummins, “Stone axe studies: archaeological, petrological, experimental and ethnographic,” Council for British Archaeology, Research Report 23, 1979.
[BibTeX] [Abstract] [Download PDF]
Papers from a conference in 1977 demonstrate the progress made in petrological studies in particular, but also discuss the uses of ethnography evidence in understanding axe distributions. The history of implement petrology in Britain is outlined by W F Grimes (pp 1-4) from its formal beginnings in 1952. W A Cummins (5-12), in discussing distribution studies of the eight most abundant stone axe groups, pays special attention to the unusual patterns of Groups I and VI which appear to indicate a two-stage distribution process. Radiocarbon dates form the basis of I F Smith’s chronology (13-22) of British implements of Neo-BA; for shafthole implements there is some additional help from typology. Further development of the typological theme comes from F E S Roe (23-48) on shafthole implements (battle axes, mace heads, etc) particularly as the increasing availability of petrological identifications lends improved confidence. From the Continent, C-T Le Roux (49-56) presents new data for some of the Breton petrological groups, and discusses them in terms of social organization and axe production. Linear Pottery sites in the Netherlands have yielded adzes of various rock types from Central Europe, the Siebengebirge and Eifel, as discussed by C C Bakels and C E S Arps (57-64). In Britain again, T G Manby (65-81) presents a typological and distributional study of Yorkshire flint and stone axes, of which 700 have been sectioned; he also discusses the ?seasonal (?transhumance) movements which might have brought Lake District axes to Yorkshire, and considers the problem of modern axe ‘forgeries’. The flint and stone axes of the E Midlands are C N Moore’s topic (82-6), while a field survey made on the Langdale and Scafell Pike axe factory sites in 1961 is described by C H Houlder (87-9). The fine jade and jadeite implements of western Europe are studied by A R Woolley et al (90-6); their typology in terms of length, width and thickness ratios is worked out and related to the constituent pyroxenes as determined by electron microprobe analysis. Axe technology is discussed by G R Coope (98-101) who points out that while some rocks could be flaked and leave characteristic debris of axe-making, others had to be pecked into shape, leaving only dust residues. Experimental work on hafting and using stone axes is reported by A Harding & R Young (102-5), this is a long-tem forest clearance project. John Coles is also experimenting with stone axes for making wicker hurdles as found in the Somerset Levels (106-7). Finally there are two ethnographic contributions: Pat Phillips (108-12) examines evidence from recent contexts of production, acquisition and consumption of stone axes in New Guinea, while prehistoric Australian stone exploitation and exchange systems are the topic of Isabel McBryde (113-26, with petrology by A Watchman).
@techreport{Clough1979, abstract = {Papers from a conference in 1977 demonstrate the progress made in petrological studies in particular, but also discuss the uses of ethnography evidence in understanding axe distributions. The history of implement petrology in Britain is outlined by W F Grimes (pp 1-4) from its formal beginnings in 1952. W A Cummins (5-12), in discussing distribution studies of the eight most abundant stone axe groups, pays special attention to the unusual patterns of Groups I and VI which appear to indicate a two-stage distribution process. Radiocarbon dates form the basis of I F Smith's chronology (13-22) of British implements of Neo-BA; for shafthole implements there is some additional help from typology. Further development of the typological theme comes from F E S Roe (23-48) on shafthole implements (battle axes, mace heads, etc) particularly as the increasing availability of petrological identifications lends improved confidence. From the Continent, C-T Le Roux (49-56) presents new data for some of the Breton petrological groups, and discusses them in terms of social organization and axe production. Linear Pottery sites in the Netherlands have yielded adzes of various rock types from Central Europe, the Siebengebirge and Eifel, as discussed by C C Bakels and C E S Arps (57-64). In Britain again, T G Manby (65-81) presents a typological and distributional study of Yorkshire flint and stone axes, of which 700 have been sectioned; he also discusses the ?seasonal (?transhumance) movements which might have brought Lake District axes to Yorkshire, and considers the problem of modern axe 'forgeries'. The flint and stone axes of the E Midlands are C N Moore's topic (82-6), while a field survey made on the Langdale and Scafell Pike axe factory sites in 1961 is described by C H Houlder (87-9). The fine jade and jadeite implements of western Europe are studied by A R Woolley et al (90-6); their typology in terms of length, width and thickness ratios is worked out and related to the constituent pyroxenes as determined by electron microprobe analysis. Axe technology is discussed by G R Coope (98-101) who points out that while some rocks could be flaked and leave characteristic debris of axe-making, others had to be pecked into shape, leaving only dust residues. Experimental work on hafting and using stone axes is reported by A Harding \& R Young (102-5), this is a long-tem forest clearance project. John Coles is also experimenting with stone axes for making wicker hurdles as found in the Somerset Levels (106-7). Finally there are two ethnographic contributions: Pat Phillips (108-12) examines evidence from recent contexts of production, acquisition and consumption of stone axes in New Guinea, while prehistoric Australian stone exploitation and exchange systems are the topic of Isabel McBryde (113-26, with petrology by A Watchman).}, author = {T H McK Clough and W A Cummins}, institution = {Council for British Archaeology}, note = {ISBN 0 900312 63 7}, number = {23}, owner = {ograu}, timestamp = {2010.05.08}, title = {Stone axe studies: archaeological, petrological, experimental and ethnographic}, type = {Research Report}, url = {http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/library/cba/rr23.cfm?CFID=573996&CFTOKEN=39545028}, year = {1979} }
- J. C. Cooper, An illustrated encyclopaedia of traditional symbols, Thames and hudson london, 1978.
[BibTeX]@book{Cooper1978, author = {J.C. Cooper}, publisher = {Thames and Hudson London}, title = {An illustrated encyclopaedia of traditional symbols}, year = {1978} }
- M. A. Dowd, “The use of caves for funerary and ritual practices in neolithic ireland,” Antiquity, vol. 82, iss. 316, p. 305–317, 2008.
[BibTeX] [Abstract]
Caves in Ireland, as elsewhere, have been used for shelter and burial over much of recorded time. The author here focuses on their use during the Neolithic, carefully isolating the available material and arguing from it that caves then had a primary role in the remembrance of the dead, and were used for excarnation, token deposition or inhumation. The author compares these practices to other contemporary types of burial and concludes that there was a strong symbolic or ritual sense shared in Neolithic Ireland between passage tombs and those certain kinds of cave that they resembled.
@article{Dowd2008, abstract = {Caves in Ireland, as elsewhere, have been used for shelter and burial over much of recorded time. The author here focuses on their use during the Neolithic, carefully isolating the available material and arguing from it that caves then had a primary role in the remembrance of the dead, and were used for excarnation, token deposition or inhumation. The author compares these practices to other contemporary types of burial and concludes that there was a strong symbolic or ritual sense shared in Neolithic Ireland between passage tombs and those certain kinds of cave that they resembled.}, author = {Marion A. Dowd}, journal = {Antiquity}, number = {316}, owner = {ograu}, pages = {305–317}, timestamp = {2010.11.26}, title = {The use of caves for funerary and ritual practices in Neolithic Ireland}, volume = {82}, year = {2008} }
- K. Ebbesen, “Megalithic graves in Schleswig-Holstein,” Acta archaeologica, vol. 55, p. 117–142, 1984.
[BibTeX]@Article{Ebbesen1984, author = {K. Ebbesen}, title = {{M}egalithic graves in {S}chleswig-{H}olstein}, journal = {Acta archaeologica}, year = {1984}, volume = {55}, pages = {117–142}, issn = {0065-101X}, publisher = {Blackwell}, }
- M. Edmonds, Stone tools and society: working stone in Neolithic and Bronze Age Britain, Psychology press, 1997.
[BibTeX]@Book{edmonds1997stone, title = {{S}tone tools and society: working stone in {N}eolithic and {B}ronze {A}ge {B}ritain}, publisher = {Psychology Press}, year = {1997}, author = {M. Edmonds}, }
- A. M. Gibson, Prehistoric pottery in britain & ireland, Tempus pub ltd, 2002.
[BibTeX]@book{Gibson2002, author = {A.M. Gibson}, isbn = {0752419307}, publisher = {Tempus Pub Ltd}, title = {Prehistoric Pottery in Britain \& Ireland}, year = {2002} }
- A. M. Gibson and A. Woods, Prehistoric pottery for the archaeologist, Leicester univ pr, 1997.
[BibTeX]@book{gibson1997prehistoric, author = {A.M. Gibson and A. Woods}, isbn = {071851954X}, publisher = {Leicester Univ Pr}, title = {Prehistoric pottery for the archaeologist}, year = {1997} }
- H. Glöckner, Dokumente zur religion aus megalithischer zeit: zur entwicklung aus der kultur der Westlichen grosssteingraber, Lang, 1988.
[BibTeX] [Abstract]
In einer kontinuierlichen Entwicklung mit fliessenden Grenzen hat sich das Megalithikum mit anderen, speziell mittelmeerischen Einflüssen auseinandersetzen müssen. Seine erstaunliche und fassbare Bedeutung liegt in der Deutung der kosmischen Zusammenhänge in einem religiösen Umfeld. Sie ist vor allem aus dem aufgefundenen bildnerischen Material einerseits sowie den literarischen Überlieferungen der abgewanderten iranischen und indischen Volksstämme indogermanischer Herkunft, auch der Edda, zu erschliessen. Der Verfasser ist diesen erstaunlich vielseitigen Darstellungen und den literarischen Überlieferungen nachgegangen und hat versucht, die aus den Gegebenheiten resultierenden Gemeinsamkeiten zu rekonstruieren. Die aus beiden, den bildnerischen und literarischen Untersuchungsbereichen abzuleitende religiöse Konzeption äussert sich in einem absoluten Glauben an eine Weiterexistenz nach dem Tode. Der Weg des Abgeschiedenen ist unter Beachtung verschiedener Entwicklungsstufen und auch Interpretationen, unter Einbindung in ein kalendarisches System, vorgezeichnet.
@book{Gloeckner1988, abstract = {In einer kontinuierlichen Entwicklung mit fliessenden Grenzen hat sich das Megalithikum mit anderen, speziell mittelmeerischen Einflüssen auseinandersetzen müssen. Seine erstaunliche und fassbare Bedeutung liegt in der Deutung der kosmischen Zusammenhänge in einem religiösen Umfeld. Sie ist vor allem aus dem aufgefundenen bildnerischen Material einerseits sowie den literarischen Überlieferungen der abgewanderten iranischen und indischen Volksstämme indogermanischer Herkunft, auch der Edda, zu erschliessen. Der Verfasser ist diesen erstaunlich vielseitigen Darstellungen und den literarischen Überlieferungen nachgegangen und hat versucht, die aus den Gegebenheiten resultierenden Gemeinsamkeiten zu rekonstruieren. Die aus beiden, den bildnerischen und literarischen Untersuchungsbereichen abzuleitende religiöse Konzeption äussert sich in einem absoluten Glauben an eine Weiterexistenz nach dem Tode. Der Weg des Abgeschiedenen ist unter Beachtung verschiedener Entwicklungsstufen und auch Interpretationen, unter Einbindung in ein kalendarisches System, vorgezeichnet.}, author = {Herbert Glöckner}, isbn = {978-3-8204-9953-7}, publisher = {Lang}, title = {Dokumente zur Religion aus megalithischer Zeit: Zur Entwicklung Aus Der Kultur Der {W}estlichen Grosssteingraber}, year = {1988} }
- C. F. C. Hawkes, “Archaeological method and theory: some suggestions form the old world,” American anthropologist, vol. 156, p. 155–168, 1954.
[BibTeX]@article{Hawkes1954, author = {C.F.C. Hawkes}, journal = {American Anthropologist}, owner = {ograu}, pages = {155–168}, timestamp = {2010.05.08}, title = {Archaeological method and theory: some suggestions form the old world}, volume = {156}, year = {1954} }
- M. Haysom, “The double-axe: a contextual approach to the understanding of a creatan symbol in the neopalatial period,” Oxford journal of archaeology, vol. 29, p. 35–55, 2010. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0092.2009.00339.x
[BibTeX] [Download PDF]@article{Haysom2010, author = {Matthew Haysom}, doi = {10.1111/j.1468-0092.2009.00339.x}, file = {../megalithic-resources/books_articles/Haysom2010.pdf}, journal = {Oxford Journal of Archaeology}, owner = {ograu}, pages = {35–55}, timestamp = {2010.11.07}, title = {The double-axe: A contextual approach to the understanding of a Creatan symbol in the Neopalatial period}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0092.2009.00339.x/abstract}, volume = {29}, year = {2010} }
- H. Hingst, “Großsteingräber in schleswig–holstein,” Offa, vol. 42, p. 57–112, 1985.
[BibTeX]@article{Hingst1985, author = {Hans Hingst}, file = {../megalithic-resources/books_articles/Hingst1985.pdf}, journal = {Offa}, owner = {ograu}, pages = {57–112}, timestamp = {2010.06.02}, title = {Großsteingräber in Schleswig–Holstein}, volume = {42}, year = {1985} }
- I. R. Hodder, “Burials, houses, women and men in the european neolithic,” in Ideology, power and prehistory, D. Miller and C. Tilley, Eds., Cambridge university press, 1984, p. 51–68.
[BibTeX]@incollection{Hodder1984, author = {I.R. Hodder}, booktitle = {Ideology, Power and Prehistory}, editor = {D. Miller and C. Tilley}, owner = {ograu}, pages = {51–68}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, timestamp = {2010.05.08}, title = {Burials, houses, women and men in the European Neolithic}, year = {1984} }
- I. Hodder, The domestication of Europe. Structure and contingency in Neolithic societies, , 1992.
[BibTeX]@Book{hodder1992domestication, title = {{The domestication of Europe. Structure and contingency in {N}eolithic societies}}, year = {1992}, author = {I. Hodder}, isbn = {0631177698}, }
- J. Hoika, “Megalithic graves in the funnel beaker culture of schleswig-holstein,” Przeglad archeologiczny, vol. 37, p. 53–119, 1990.
[BibTeX]@article{Hoika1990, author = {J. Hoika}, issn = {0079-7138}, journal = {Przeglad Archeologiczny}, pages = {53–119}, title = {Megalithic graves in the Funnel Beaker culture of Schleswig-Holstein}, volume = {37}, year = {1990} }
- D. Lewis-Williams and D. Pearce, Inside the Neolithic mind: consciousness, cosmos and the realm of the gods, Thames & hudson, 2005.
[BibTeX]@Book{lewis2005inside, title = {{I}nside the {N}eolithic mind: consciousness, cosmos and the realm of the gods}, publisher = {Thames \& Hudson}, year = {2005}, author = {Lewis-Williams, David and Pearce, David}, }
- G. Kehnscherper, Hünengrab und bannkreis, Urania-verlag leipzig, jena, berlin, 1990.
[BibTeX]@book{Kehnscherper1990, author = {Günther Kehnscherper}, owner = {ograu}, publisher = {Urania-Verlag Leipzig, Jena, Berlin}, timestamp = {2012.06.23}, title = {Hünengrab und Bannkreis}, year = {1990} }
- A. Keiller and S. Piggott, “Excavations in an untouched chamber in the lanhill long barrow,” Proceedings of the prehistoric society, vol. 4, p. 122–150, 1938.
[BibTeX]@article{Keiller1938, author = {Alexander Keiller and Stuart Piggott}, journal = {Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society}, note = {ISBN/RCN BRN0913630 Wiltshire \& Swindon History Centre}, owner = {ograu}, pages = {122–150}, timestamp = {2010.04.06}, title = {Excavations in an untouched chamber in the Lanhill Long Barrow}, volume = {4}, year = {1938} }
- R. Kossian, Nichtmegalithische grabanlagen der trichterbecherkultur in deutschland und den niederlanden, Landesamt für denkmalpflege und archäologie sachsen-anhalt, landesmuseum für vorgeschichte, 2005.
[BibTeX]@book{Kossian2005, author = {Rainer Kossian}, note = {UCL: INST ARCH DA Qto KOS}, owner = {ograu}, publisher = {Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt, Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte}, series = {Veröffentlichungen des Landesamtes für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt–Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte ; Bd. 58}, timestamp = {2010.05.15}, title = {Nichtmegalithische Grabanlagen der Trichterbecherkultur in Deutschland und den Niederlanden}, year = {2005} }
- J. L’Helgouac’h, “The megalithic culture of western france: continuity and change in extraordinary architecture,” in Studien zur megalithik – forschungsstand und ethnoarchäologische perspektiven, 1999.
[BibTeX]@inproceedings{LHelgouach1999, author = {Jean L'Helgouac'h}, booktitle = {Studien zur Megalithik - Forschungsstand und ethnoarchäologische Perspektiven}, editor = {et al. {Karl W. Beinhauer}}, localfile = {../megalithic-resources/books_articles/Helgouach1999.pdf}, owner = {ograu}, timestamp = {2010.05.15}, title = {The megalithic culture of western France: continuity and change in extraordinary architecture}, year = {1999} }
- J. N. Lanting and A. L. Brindley, “The destroyed hunebed o2 and the adjacent trb flat cemetery at mander (gem. tubbergen, province overijssel),” Palaeohistoria, acta et communicationes instituti archaeologici universitatis goninganae, vol. 45/46, p. 59–94, 2005.
[BibTeX] [Download PDF]@article{Lanting2005, author = {J.N. Lanting and A.L. Brindley}, journal = {Palaeohistoria, Acta et communicationes Instituti Archaeologici Universitatis Goninganae}, owner = {ograu}, pages = {59–94}, timestamp = {2010.04.07}, title = {The destroyed hunebed O2 and the adjacent TRB flat cemetery at Mander (Gem. Tubbergen, province Overijssel)}, url = {http://irs.ub.rug.nl/dbi/43a6ae4dd9073}, volume = {45/46}, year = {2005} }
- Å. M. Larsson, “Secondary burial practices in the middle neolithic:,” Current swedish archaelogy, vol. 11, p. 153–169, 2003.
[BibTeX] [Download PDF]@article{Larsson2003, author = {Åsa M. Larsson}, journal = {Current Swedish Archaelogy}, owner = {ograu}, pages = {153–169}, timestamp = {2010.04.18}, title = {Secondary burial practices in the middle Neolithic:}, url = {http://www.archasa.se/Secondary%20Burial%20Practices.pdf}, volume = {11}, year = {2003} }
- F. Laux, “Das steingrab in der fischbeker heide,” Hammaburg, iss. 14, p. 7–177, 2003.
[BibTeX]@article{Laux2003, author = {F. Laux}, journal = {Hammaburg}, number = {14}, pages = {7–177}, publisher = {Wachholtz}, title = {Das Steingrab in der Fischbeker Heide}, year = {2003} }
- F. Laux, Die äxte und beile in niedersachsen i (flach-, randleisten-und absatzbeile), Franz steiner verlag, 2000, vol. 23.
[BibTeX] [Abstract]
Neben der detaillierten typologischen Gliederung von 1100 Äxten und Beilen aus Niedersachsen wird ausführlich auf die chronologischen Verhältnisse Niedersachsens in der Früh- bis in die Mittelbronzezeit eingegangen. Besonderes Gewicht wird auf die Funktionsdeutung sowie auf die regionalen wie überregionalen Beziehungen gelegt.
@book{Laux2000, abstract = {Neben der detaillierten typologischen Gliederung von 1100 Äxten und Beilen aus Niedersachsen wird ausführlich auf die chronologischen Verhältnisse Niedersachsens in der Früh- bis in die Mittelbronzezeit eingegangen. Besonderes Gewicht wird auf die Funktionsdeutung sowie auf die regionalen wie überregionalen Beziehungen gelegt.}, author = {F. Laux}, keywords = {Bronze age}, publisher = {Franz Steiner Verlag}, title = {Die Äxte und Beile in Niedersachsen I (Flach-, Randleisten-und Absatzbeile)}, volume = {23}, year = {2000} }
- E. T. Leeds, “Beakers of the Upper Thames district,” Geography, vol. 14, iss. 527, p. 527.
[BibTeX] [Download PDF]@article{leeds14beakers, author = {E.T. Leeds}, file = {../megalithic-resources/books_articles/leeds1.pdf}, journal = {Geography}, number = {527}, pages = {527}, title = {{Beakers of the Upper Thames district}}, url = {http://www.oahs.org.uk/oxo/volumes/1938/leeds1.pdf}, volume = {14} }
- C. T. LeRoux, “Stone axes of brittany and the marches,” in Stone axe studies: archaeological, petrological, experimental and ethnographic, M. T. H. Clough and W. A. Cummins, Eds., Cba, 1979, vol. 23, p. 49–56.
[BibTeX] [Abstract] [Download PDF]
Since the work initiated some 30 years ago by Professors Giot and Cogné, published mainly in the Bull Soc Préhist Fr in the 1950s, the main Breton petrological groups of stone axes have been well known. Recently, however, new data have been obtained for most of them which are summarized in the first part of this paper. In the second part, these data are discussed in relation to the general problems of population and social organization in Neolithic Brittany; the discussion leads to quantifications of some aspects of human activity on the main site itself, the Type A Dolerite quarry at Plussulien, and more generally in the whole of western France.
@incollection{Roux1979, abstract = {Since the work initiated some 30 years ago by Professors Giot and Cogné, published mainly in the Bull Soc Préhist Fr in the 1950s, the main Breton petrological groups of stone axes have been well known. Recently, however, new data have been obtained for most of them which are summarized in the first part of this paper. In the second part, these data are discussed in relation to the general problems of population and social organization in Neolithic Brittany; the discussion leads to quantifications of some aspects of human activity on the main site itself, the Type A Dolerite quarry at Plussulien, and more generally in the whole of western France.}, author = {C.T. LeRoux}, booktitle = {Stone axe studies: archaeological, petrological, experimental and ethnographic}, editor = {T H McK Clough and W A Cummins}, owner = {ograu}, pages = {49–56}, publisher = {CBA}, timestamp = {2010.05.08}, title = {Stone axes of Brittany and the Marches}, url = {http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/cbaresrep/pdf/023/02305001.pdf}, volume = {23}, year = {1979} }
- C. LeRoux, “New excavations at gavrinis,” Antiquity, vol. 59, iss. 227, p. 183–187, 1985.
[BibTeX] [Download PDF]@article{LeRoux1985, author = {Charles-Tanguy LeRoux}, file = {../megalithic-resources/books_articles/excavation-reports/Ant0590183.pdf}, journal = {Antiquity}, number = {227}, owner = {ograu}, pages = {183–187}, timestamp = {2010.05.09}, title = {New excavations at Gavrinis}, url = {http://antiquity.ac.uk/Ant/059/0183/Ant0590183.pdf}, volume = {59}, year = {1985} }
- C. LeRoux, É. Gaumé, Y. Lecerf, and J. Tinevez, Monuments mégalithiques à locmariaquer (morbihan): le long tumulus d’er grah dans son environnement, Cnrs éditions, 2007.
[BibTeX]@book{Roux2007, author = {Charles-Tanguy LeRoux and Éric Gaumé and Yannick Lecerf and Jean-Yves Tinevez}, isbn = {978-2271064905}, owner = {ograu}, pages = {308}, publisher = {CNRS éditions}, timestamp = {2010.04.04}, title = {Monuments mégalithiques à Locmariaquer (Morbihan): Le long tumulus d'Er Grah dans son environnement}, year = {2007} }
- G. Lidke, “Untersuchungen zur bedeutung von gewalt und aggression im neolithikum deutschlands unter besonderer bercksichtigung norddeutschlands,” PhD Thesis, 2008.
[BibTeX] [Abstract] [Download PDF]
New discoveries have shown aggression and violence to be important features of Neolithic cultural development. This dissertation presents an analysis of traces of manipulation due to violence visible on skull material (trepanations and traumata) from the German Neolithic. Special attention was given to Northern Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Schleswig-Holstein, Lower Saxony and Brandendenburg). Altogether 320 skulls from this area were analysed, 28 of which showed traces of manipulation. Additionally, cases from the rest of Germany were collected from literature; so altogether 178 individuals with traces of manipulations can be discussed. 132 cases of traumata and 53 cases of trepanations are analysed. The connection between traumata and trepanations is discussed; many surgical interventions on skulls may in fact represent treatment of head wounds. Additionally, Neolithic settlement structures, weapons and tools of the time, ritual acts and social structures were checked for signs of aggression and violence. Altogether aggression and violence are to be regarded as regular features of Neolithic life, with differing amounts among various cultural groups.
@phdthesis{Lidke2008, abstract = {New discoveries have shown aggression and violence to be important features of Neolithic cultural development. This dissertation presents an analysis of traces of manipulation due to violence visible on skull material (trepanations and traumata) from the German Neolithic. Special attention was given to Northern Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Schleswig-Holstein, Lower Saxony and Brandendenburg). Altogether 320 skulls from this area were analysed, 28 of which showed traces of manipulation. Additionally, cases from the rest of Germany were collected from literature; so altogether 178 individuals with traces of manipulations can be discussed. 132 cases of traumata and 53 cases of trepanations are analysed. The connection between traumata and trepanations is discussed; many surgical interventions on skulls may in fact represent treatment of head wounds. Additionally, Neolithic settlement structures, weapons and tools of the time, ritual acts and social structures were checked for signs of aggression and violence. Altogether aggression and violence are to be regarded as regular features of Neolithic life, with differing amounts among various cultural groups.}, author = {Gundula Lidke}, owner = {ograu}, school = {Philosophischen Fakultt der Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitt Greifswald}, timestamp = {2010.04.10}, title = {Untersuchungen zur Bedeutung von Gewalt und Aggression im Neolithikum Deutschlands unter besonderer Bercksichtigung Norddeutschlands}, url = {http://ub-ed.ub.uni-greifswald.de/opus/volltexte/2008/491/pdf/diss_lidke.gundula.pdf}, year = {2008} }
- F. Lynch, Megalithic tombs and long barrows in britain, Shire pubns, 1997.
[BibTeX]@book{Lynch1997, author = {F. Lynch}, isbn = {0747803412}, publisher = {Shire Pubns}, title = {Megalithic tombs and long barrows in Britain}, year = {1997} }
- J. P. Maher, Papers on language theory and history: creation and tradition in language, John benjamins, 1977, vol. 1.
[BibTeX]@book{maher1977, author = {John Peter Maher}, publisher = {John Benjamins}, title = {Papers on Language Theory and History: Creation and tradition in language}, volume = {1}, year = {1977} }
- I. Mahlstedt, Die religiöse Welt der jungsteinzeit, Theiss, 2004.
[BibTeX]@book{Mahlstedt2004, author = {Ina Mahlstedt}, isbn = {978-3806218398}, owner = {ograu}, publisher = {Theiss}, timestamp = {2012.01.14}, title = {Die religiöse {W}elt der Jungsteinzeit}, year = {2004} }
- C. Malone, Neolithic britain and ireland, Tempus pub ltd, 2001.
[BibTeX]@book{Malone2001, author = {Caroline Malone}, owner = {ograu}, publisher = {Tempus Pub Ltd}, timestamp = {2011.12.12}, title = {Neolithic Britain and Ireland}, year = {2001} }
- M. S. Midgley, The megaliths of northern europe, Taylor & francis, 2008.
[BibTeX]@book{Midgley2008, author = {M.S. Midgley}, file = {../megalithic-resources/books_articles/The_Megaliths_of_Northern_Europe.pdf}, isbn = {0415351804}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, title = {The Megaliths of Northern Europe}, year = {2008} }
- M. S. Midgley, The monumental cemeteries of prehistoric europe, Tempus publishing ltd., 2005.
[BibTeX]@book{Midgley2005, author = {Magdalena S. Midgley}, isbn = {978-0752425672}, owner = {ograu}, publisher = {Tempus Publishing Ltd.}, timestamp = {2010.11.14}, title = {The Monumental Cemeteries of Prehistoric Europe}, year = {2005} }
- M. Patton, Statements in stone: monuments and society in neolithic brittany, Routledge, london, uk, 1993.
[BibTeX]@book{Patton1993, author = {Mark Patton}, isbn = {0-415-06729-4}, owner = {ograu}, pages = {209}, publisher = {Routledge, London, UK}, timestamp = {2010.05.08}, title = {Statements in stone: monuments and society in Neolithic Brittany}, year = {1993} }
- M. Patton, “Stone axes of the channel islands: neolithic exchange in an insular context,” Oxford journal of archaeology, vol. 10, iss. 1, p. 33–43, 1991.
[BibTeX] [Download PDF]@article{Patton1991stone, author = {Mark Patton}, journal = {Oxford journal of archaeology}, number = {1}, pages = {33–43}, publisher = {Wiley Online Library}, title = {Stone axes of the channel islands: Neolithic exchange in an insular context}, url = {http://www.geo.ntf.uni-lj.si/nzupancic/monkodonja/10-4963.pdf}, volume = {10}, year = {1991} }
- P. M. Pearson and Ramilisonina, “Stonehenge for the ancestors: the stones pass on the message,” Antiquity, vol. 72, iss. 276, p. 308–326, 1998.
[BibTeX]@article{pearson1998, author = {M. Parker Pearson and Ramilisonina}, journal = {Antiquity}, number = {276}, pages = {308–326}, publisher = {Portland Press}, title = {Stonehenge for the ancestors: the stones pass on the message}, volume = {72}, year = {1998} }
- S. Piggott, The West kennet long barrow: excavations 1955-1956, H.m. stationery office, 1962.
[BibTeX]@book{Piggott1962, author = {Stuart Piggott}, owner = {ograu}, publisher = {H.M. Stationery Office}, timestamp = {2010.03.20}, title = {The {W}est Kennet Long Barrow: excavations 1955-1956}, year = {1962} }
- S. Piggott, The neolithic cultures of the british isles : a study of the stone-using agricultural communities of britain in the second millennium b.c., London : cambridge university press, 1954.
[BibTeX]@book{Piggott1954, author = {Stuart Piggott}, isbn = {0521077818}, owner = {ograu}, pages = {420}, publisher = {London : Cambridge University Press}, timestamp = {2010.04.25}, title = {The neolithic cultures of the British Isles : a study of the stone-using agricultural communities of Britain in the second millennium B.C.}, year = {1954} }
- S. Piggott, “Neolithic pottery and other remains from Pangbourne, Berks and Caversham, Oxon,” , vol. 6, p. 30–9, 1929.
[BibTeX]@article{Piggott1929, author = {S. Piggott}, booktitle = {Proc Prehist Soc E Anglia}, pages = {30–9}, title = {{Neolithic pottery and other remains from Pangbourne, Berks and Caversham, Oxon}}, volume = {6}, year = {1929} }
- S. Piggott and T. Powell, “The excavation of three neolithic chambered tombs in galloway, 1949,” , vol. 83, p. 103–61, 1948.
[BibTeX]@article{piggott1948excavation, author = {S. Piggott and TGE Powell}, booktitle = {Proc Soc Antiq Scot}, pages = {103–61}, title = {The excavation of three Neolithic chambered tombs in Galloway, 1949}, volume = {83}, year = {1948} }
- J. Pollard and A. J. Reynolds, Avebury: the biography of a landscape, Tempus pub ltd, 2002.
[BibTeX]@book{Pollard2002, author = {J. Pollard and A.J. Reynolds}, isbn = {0752419579}, publisher = {Tempus Pub Ltd}, title = {Avebury: the biography of a landscape}, year = {2002} }
- E. Probst, Deutschland in der steinzeit. jäger, fischer und bauern zwischen nordseeküste und alpenraum, Orbis, 1991.
[BibTeX]@book{Probst1991, author = {Ernst Probst}, isbn = {978-3570026694}, owner = {ograu}, pages = {619}, publisher = {Orbis}, timestamp = {2010.04.05}, title = {Deutschland in der Steinzeit. Jäger, Fischer und Bauern zwischen Nordseeküste und Alpenraum}, year = {1991} }
- H. Reichelt, “Der steinerne himmel,” Indogermanische forschungen, vol. 32, p. 23–57, 1913.
[BibTeX]@article{reichelt1913, author = {Hans Reichelt}, journal = {Indogermanische Forschungen}, pages = {23–57}, title = {Der steinerne Himmel}, volume = {32}, year = {1913} }
- A. C. Renfrew, “Megaliths, territories and popluations,” in Acculturation and continuity in atlantic europe: papers presented at the 4th atlantic colloquiem, 1976.
[BibTeX]@inproceedings{Renfrew1976, author = {A.C. Renfrew}, booktitle = {Acculturation and Continuity in Atlantic Europe: Papers presented at the 4th Atlantic Colloquiem}, editor = {S.J. De Laet}, owner = {ograu}, series = {Dissertationes Archaeologicae Gandenses}, timestamp = {2010.05.08}, title = {Megaliths, territories and popluations}, volume = {XVI}, year = {1976} }
- F. Schlette and D. Kaufmann, Religion und kult in ur- und frühgeschichtlicher zeit: historiker-gesellschaft, 13. tagung der fachgruppe ur- und fruehgeschichte, Akademie verlag gmbh, 1989.
[BibTeX]@book{Schlette1989, author = {Friedrich Schlette and Dieter Kaufmann}, isbn = {978-3050006628}, owner = {ograu}, publisher = {Akademie Verlag GmbH}, timestamp = {2010.02.21}, title = {Religion und Kult in ur- und frühgeschichtlicher Zeit: Historiker-Gesellschaft, 13. Tagung Der Fachgruppe Ur- Und Fruehgeschichte}, year = {1989} }
- W. Schmidbauer and J. Vom Scheidt, Handbuch der rauschdrogen, Nymphenburger, 1981.
[BibTeX]@book{schmidbauer1981handbuch, author = {Wolfgang Schmidbauer and Jürgen {Vom Scheidt}}, publisher = {Nymphenburger}, title = {Handbuch der Rauschdrogen}, year = {1981} }
- A. Sherratt, “Sacred and profane substances: the ritual use of narcotics in later neolithic europe,” in Sacred and profane. proceedings of a conference on archaeology, ritual and religion, 1991, p. 50–64.
[BibTeX]@inproceedings{sherratt1991sacred, author = {A. Sherratt}, booktitle = {Sacred and Profane. Proceedings of a Conference on Archaeology, Ritual and Religion}, pages = {50–64}, title = {Sacred and profane substances: the ritual use of narcotics in later Neolithic Europe}, year = {1991} }
- S. Vierzig, Mythen der Steinzeit: das religiöse Weltbild der frühen Menschen, Bis verlag, 2009.
[BibTeX] [Abstract] [Download PDF]
Die vorliegende Arbeit macht es sich zur Aufgabe, aus den Einzelheiten der archäologischen Funde ein ungefähres Gesamtbild der Kultur der Steinzeit zu rekonstruieren. Bei diesem Versuch spielen die Religionswissenschaften mit ihren historisch-kritischen Fragestellungen und Arbeitsmitteln eine konstruktive Rolle in Ergänzung der empirisch arbeitenden Archäologie. Es darf als gesichert gelten, dass die steinzeitliche Kunst weitgehend im Dienst eines alles umfassenden Kultes stand. So können die Höhlenmalereien, die Skulpturen und Reliefs dieser Zeit als die Bildersprache eines Mythos vom Geheimnis der Welt gesehen werden. Was hält des Kosmos zusammen? Was bedeutet der Tod für das Leben? Was ist der Mensch? Einen Einblick in die Anfänge der Kulturgeschichte der Menschen zu tun, bedeutet auch, eine vertiefende Einsicht für die Problematik der aktuellen Situation zu gewinnen.
@Book{vierzig2009mythen, author = {Siegfried Vierzig}, publisher = {BIS Verlag}, title = {Mythen der {S}teinzeit: das religiöse {W}eltbild der frühen {M}enschen}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Arbeit macht es sich zur Aufgabe, aus den Einzelheiten der archäologischen Funde ein ungefähres Gesamtbild der Kultur der Steinzeit zu rekonstruieren. Bei diesem Versuch spielen die Religionswissenschaften mit ihren historisch-kritischen Fragestellungen und Arbeitsmitteln eine konstruktive Rolle in Ergänzung der empirisch arbeitenden Archäologie. Es darf als gesichert gelten, dass die steinzeitliche Kunst weitgehend im Dienst eines alles umfassenden Kultes stand. So können die Höhlenmalereien, die Skulpturen und Reliefs dieser Zeit als die Bildersprache eines Mythos vom Geheimnis der Welt gesehen werden. Was hält des Kosmos zusammen? Was bedeutet der Tod für das Leben? Was ist der Mensch? Einen Einblick in die Anfänge der Kulturgeschichte der Menschen zu tun, bedeutet auch, eine vertiefende Einsicht für die Problematik der aktuellen Situation zu gewinnen.}, file = {/home/ograu/docs/megalithic-resources/books_articles/viemyt0.pdf}, url = {http://oops.uni-oldenburg.de/942/1/viemyt0.pdf}, }
- B. E. Vyner, “The street house Wossit: the excavation of a late neolithic and early bronze age palisaded ritual monument at street house, loftus, cleveland,” Proceedings of the prehistoric society, vol. 54, p. 173, 1988.
[BibTeX]@article{Vyner1988, author = {B.E. Vyner}, journal = {Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society}, owner = {ograu}, pages = {173}, timestamp = {2010.05.15}, title = {The Street House {W}ossit: the excavation of a Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age palisaded ritual monument at Street House, Loftus, Cleveland}, volume = {54}, year = {1988} }
- A. Whittle, “‘very like a whale’: menhirs, motifs and myths in the mesolithic–neolithic transition of northwest europe,” Cambridge archaeological journa, vol. 10, iss. 2, p. 243–259, 2000.
[BibTeX] [Abstract] [Download PDF]
This article suggests that the rare motif on Breton menhirs often interpreted as an axe (of ‘Mané Rutual’ type) or an axe-plough, could be the representation of a whale, and that if so, this might be a mythic creature. The character of myth and narrative is considered. It is mooted that Late Mesolithic people or their immediate descendants could have been responsible for the erection of such menhirs. The juxtaposition of the suggested whale motif with versions of animals with curved horns on the broken menhir of La Table des Marchand and Gavrinis raises the possibility of alternative or competing myths and creation stories. Other representations of natural creatures in the Mesolithic and Neolithic in Europe are briefly noted, and the possible importance of myth in the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition of northwest Europe is discussed.
@article{Whittle2000, abstract = {This article suggests that the rare motif on Breton menhirs often interpreted as an axe (of ‘Mané Rutual’ type) or an axe-plough, could be the representation of a whale, and that if so, this might be a mythic creature. The character of myth and narrative is considered. It is mooted that Late Mesolithic people or their immediate descendants could have been responsible for the erection of such menhirs. The juxtaposition of the suggested whale motif with versions of animals with curved horns on the broken menhir of La Table des Marchand and Gavrinis raises the possibility of alternative or competing myths and creation stories. Other representations of natural creatures in the Mesolithic and Neolithic in Europe are briefly noted, and the possible importance of myth in the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition of northwest Europe is discussed.}, author = {Alasdair Whittle}, journal = {Cambridge Archaeological Journa}, localfile = {jsessionid=BA4EA1294CB3A541DB9360B03AFBE5B6.tomcat1?fromPage=online&aid=76333; ../megalithic-resources/books_articles/Brittany/Whittle-verylikeawhale.pdf}, number = {2}, owner = {ograu}, pages = {243–259}, timestamp = {2010.05.16}, title = {‘Very Like a Whale’: Menhirs, Motifs and Myths in the Mesolithic–Neolithic Transition of Northwest Europe}, url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract}, volume = {10}, year = {2000} }
- A. Whittle, A.J.Rouse, and J.G.Evans, “A neolithic downland monument in its environment: excavations at the easton down long barrow, bishops cannings, north Wiltshire,” Proceedings of the prehistoric society, vol. 59, p. 61, 1993.
[BibTeX]@article{Whittle1993, author = {A. Whittle and A.J.Rouse and J.G.Evans}, journal = {Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society}, owner = {ograu}, pages = {61}, timestamp = {2010.05.15}, title = {A Neolithic downland monument in its environment: excavations at the Easton Down Long Barrow, Bishops Cannings, North {W}iltshire}, volume = {59}, year = {1993} }
- A. W. R. Whittle, Europe in the Neolithic: the creation of new worlds, Cambridge university press, 1996.
[BibTeX]@Book{Whittle1996, author = {Whittle, A. W. R.}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {Europe in the {N}eolithic: the creation of new worlds}, year = {1996}, isbn = {0521449200}, owner = {ograu}, timestamp = {2010.03.22}, }
- A. Woolley, A. C. Bishop, R. J. Harrison, and I. A. Kinnes, “European neolithic jade implements: a preliminary mineralogical and typological study,” in Tone axe studies: archaeological, petrological, experimental and ethnographic, M. T. H. Clough and W. A. Cummins, Eds., Cba, 1979, p. 90–96.
[BibTeX] [Abstract] [Download PDF]
The types, distribution, and cultural contexts of jade implements in Europe are briefly discussed. It is shown that axes can be grouped typologically in terms of their length, width, and thickness, and this is demonstrated graphically. The chemical composition of the constituent pyroxenes of fourteen implements, representing the principal typological groups, has been determined and is illustrated graphically. A wide range of compositions is found, and a good correlation exists between pyroxene type and axe typology.
@incollection{Woolley1979, abstract = {The types, distribution, and cultural contexts of jade implements in Europe are briefly discussed. It is shown that axes can be grouped typologically in terms of their length, width, and thickness, and this is demonstrated graphically. The chemical composition of the constituent pyroxenes of fourteen implements, representing the principal typological groups, has been determined and is illustrated graphically. A wide range of compositions is found, and a good correlation exists between pyroxene type and axe typology.}, author = {AR Woolley and A.C. Bishop and R. J. Harrison and I. A. Kinnes}, booktitle = {tone axe studies: archaeological, petrological, experimental and ethnographic}, editor = {T. H. McK Clough and W. A. Cummins}, number = {23}, owner = {ograu}, pages = {90–96}, publisher = {CBA}, timestamp = {2010.05.08}, title = {European Neolithic jade implements: a preliminary mineralogical and typological study}, type = {Research Report}, url = {http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/cbaresrep/pdf/023/02310001.pdf}, year = {1979} }
- I. Wunn, Goetter, muetter, ahnenkult – neolithische religionen in anatolien, Vml vlg marie leidorf, 2001.
[BibTeX]@book{Wunn1999, author = {Ina Wunn}, isbn = {978-3-89646-021-9}, owner = {ograu}, publisher = {VML Vlg Marie Leidorf}, series = {Beiheft der Archologischen Mitteilungen aus Nordwestdeutschland 36}, timestamp = {2010.02.20}, title = {Goetter, Muetter, Ahnenkult – Neolithische Religionen in Anatolien}, year = {2001} }
- Studien zur megalithik : forschungsstand und ethnoarchäologische perspektiven, 1999.
[BibTeX]@proceedings{Beinhauer1999, editor = {Karl W. Beinhauer and Gabriel Cooney and Christian E. Guksch and Susan Kus}, isbn = {978-3-930036-36-3}, note = {ISBN: 978-3-930036-36-3}, owner = {ograu}, timestamp = {2010.05.15}, title = {Studien zur Megalithik : Forschungsstand und ethnoarchäologische Perspektiven}, volume = {21}, year = {1999} }
- F. Bertemes and A. Northe, “Die kreisgrabenanlage von goseck,” Archäologie in sachsen-anhalt, iss. 5, p. 13–36, 2011.
[BibTeX] [Download PDF]@article{BertemesNorthe2011, author = {François Bertemes and Andreas Northe}, journal = {Archäologie in Sachsen-Anhalt}, number = {5}, pages = {13–36}, title = {Die Kreisgrabenanlage von Goseck}, url = {https://www.academia.edu/1202920/Die_Kreisgrabenanlage_von_Goseck}, year = {2011} }
- K. Wentink, “Crafting axes, producing meaning. neolithic axe depositions in the northern netherlands,” Archaeological dialogues, vol. 15, iss. 02, p. 151–173, 2008.
[BibTeX] [Download PDF]@article{wentink2008crafting, author = {Karsten Wentink}, journal = {Archaeological Dialogues}, number = {02}, pages = {151–173}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press}, title = {Crafting axes, producing meaning. Neolithic axe depositions in the northern Netherlands}, url = {https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/16110/Wentink_2008_dialogues.pdf?sequence=1}, volume = {15}, year = {2008} }
- J. L’Helgouac’h, S. Cassen, N. Le Meur, L. Arnaud, Blanquet, and G. Hamon, “Morbihan, locmariaquer. site de l’alignement du grand menhir. rapport sur la 8 campagne de fouilles, juillet-aout 1993,” 1993.
[BibTeX]@techreport{LHelgouach93, author = {Jean L'Helgouac'h and Serge Cassen and N. {Le Meur} and L. Arnaud and Blanquet and G. Hamon}, title = {Morbihan, Locmariaquer. Site de l'alignement du Grand Menhir. Rapport sur la 8 campagne de fouilles, juillet-aout 1993}, year = {1993} }
- S. Cassen, F. Bache, D. Bonniol, C. Boujot, C. Chaigneau, C. Dardignac, E. Delque-Kolic, P. Dufresne, P. François, P. Gouletquer, and others, “Autour de la table,” 2009.
[BibTeX] [Download PDF]@techreport{cassen2009autour, author = {S Cassen and F Bache and D Bonniol and C Boujot and C Chaigneau and C Dardignac and E Delque-Kolic and P Dufresne and P François and P Gouletquer and others}, journal = {Explorations Archéologiques et Discours Savants sur des Architectures Néolithiques à Locmariaquer, Morbihan}, localfile = {../megalithic-resources/books_articles/ExplorationTableDesMarchands/1CassenIntroduction.pdf}, title = {Autour de la Table}, url = {http://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/28363729/CassenConclusions.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAJ56TQJRTWSMTNPEA&Expires=1475274777&Signature=hQX79GfCaXTBzpJpJwPfe%2FUnHkM%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DLa_simulation_des_faits_imagines_phases.pdf}, year = {2009} }
- R. Elburg, W. Hein, A. Probst, and P. Walter, “Field trials in neolithic woodworking – (re)learning to use early neolithic stone adzes,” Http://exarc.net/.
[BibTeX]@article{Elburg, author = {R. Elburg and W. Hein and A. Probst and P. Walter}, journal = {http://exarc.net/}, title = {Field Trials in Neolithic Woodworking – (Re)Learning to Use Early Neolithic Stone Adzes} }
- F. Klimscha, “Das opfer und das geopferte. versuch einer kontextuellen deutung der reinen beilhorte und der hölzernen beilschäftungen in neolithischen horten der trichterbecherkultur,” Archäologische informationen, vol. 32, iss. 1&2, p. 119–129, 2013.
[BibTeX] [Abstract] [Download PDF]
Der Autor präsentiert eine Deutung der reinen Beilhorte und der Beilhorte mit erhaltener Schäftung in der Trichterbecherkultur. Aufgrund von Hinweisen zur Nutzung und Deponierungsdetails werden Erhaltungsbedingungen für diesen Unterschied ausgeschlossen und stattdessen eine Separierung und unterschiedliche Deutung der Horte mit Schäftung vorgeschlagen.
@article{klimscha2013opfer, abstract = {Der Autor präsentiert eine Deutung der reinen Beilhorte und der Beilhorte mit erhaltener Schäftung in der Trichterbecherkultur. Aufgrund von Hinweisen zur Nutzung und Deponierungsdetails werden Erhaltungsbedingungen für diesen Unterschied ausgeschlossen und stattdessen eine Separierung und unterschiedliche Deutung der Horte mit Schäftung vorgeschlagen.}, author = {Florian Klimscha}, journal = {Archäologische Informationen}, key = {Neolithikum; Trichterbecherkultur; Horte; Depotfunde; Beile; Schäftungen}, localfile = {../megalithic-resources/books_articles/TRB/10199-13716-1-PB.pdf}, number = {1\&2}, pages = {119–129}, title = {Das Opfer und das Geopferte. Versuch einer kontextuellen Deutung der reinen Beilhorte und der hölzernen Beilschäftungen in neolithischen Horten der Trichterbecherkultur}, url = {http://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/arch-inf/article/view/10199}, volume = {32}, year = {2013} }
- C. Scarre, Monuments and landscape in atlantic europe: perception and society during the neolithic and early bronze age, C. Scarre, Ed., Routledge, 2002.
[BibTeX]@book{Scarre2002, author = {Chris Scarre}, editor = {Chris Scarre}, isbn = {978-0415273145}, owner = {ograu}, pages = {224}, publisher = {Routledge}, timestamp = {2010.12.12}, title = {Monuments and Landscape in Atlantic Europe: Perception and Society during the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age}, year = {2002} }
- Megaliths and identities : early monuments and neolithic societies from the atlantic to the baltic / 3rd european megalithic studies group meeting, 13th – 15th of may 2010 at kiel universityDr. rudolf habelt gmbh, bonn, 2011.
[BibTeX]@proceedings{Furholt2011, editor = {Martin Furholt AND Friedrich Lüth AND Johannes Müller}, isbn = {978-3-7749-3745-1}, organization = {Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte der CAU Kiel Römisch-Germanische Kommission Frankfurt a.M.}, owner = {ograu}, publisher = {Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn}, timestamp = {2012.02.04}, title = {Megaliths and identities : early monuments and neolithic societies from the Atlantic to the Baltic / 3rd European Megalithic Studies Group Meeting, 13th - 15th of May 2010 at Kiel University}, volume = {1}, year = {2011} }
- S. Cassen, E. Delqué-Kolic, P. Dufresne, P. Lanos, and E. Al., “Datations sur site (Table des Marchands, alignement du Grand Menhir) et modélisation chronologique du Néolithique morbihannais,” in Colloque ”Autour de la table. Explorations archéologiques et discours savants sur une architecture néolithique restaurée à Locmariaquer”, Vannes, France, 2007.
[BibTeX] [Download PDF]@InProceedings{cassen:insu-00266743, author = {Cassen, S. and Delqu{\'e}-Kolic, E. and Dufresne, Philippe and Lanos, Philippe and Al., Et}, title = {{Datations sur site (Table des Marchands, alignement du Grand Menhir) et mod{\'e}lisation chronologique du N{\'e}olithique morbihannais}}, booktitle = {{Colloque ''Autour de la table. Explorations arch{\'e}ologiques et discours savants sur une architecture n{\'e}olithique restaur{\'e}e {\`a} Locmariaquer''}}, year = {2007}, address = {Vannes, France}, month = Oct, note = {1 p.}, hal_id = {insu-00266743}, hal_local_reference = {PL01974}, hal_version = {v1}, url = {https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00266743}, }
- L. Laporte, “Innate and/or expressed identities: their conceptualization through monumentality, funerary practices and grave goods? some examples from the megalithic tradition of western france.,” Journal of neolithic archaeology, 2010. doi:10.12766/jna.2010.34
[BibTeX] [Abstract] [Download PDF]
The notion of identity has sometimes been implicitly likened to methodology of classification, which applies to prehistorian’s work in order to better position the subject of his research in time and space. Concerning megalithism in Western France, a model of unilinear development has now prevailed for about fifteen years, drawing a parallel between the classification of architectures and what appeared to be new suggestions concerning the periodisation of material culture. This model struggles in accounting for the entire diversity of the observed facts. Therefore, one has to accept the idea of multiplicity of identities or of multifaceted identities, sometimes coexisting within the same place. A technological approach assumes that all material implementation realized by men – beyond functional constraints and specificities – bears a part of innate identity resulting from the manner in which the operational sequences, whether simple or complex, are set up. At the same time, all these implementations materialise a conceptual standard to which expressed identity values are often attributed. Amongst the numerous conceptual standards whose entire diversity we only just start to perceive in the megalithism of Western France, a very elongated trapeze-shaped plan lined by two lateral quarries is valorised. According to a general proposal hardly new in itself, this standard is not without recalling the plan of the Danubian house .
@Article{Laporte2010, author = {Luc Laporte}, journal = {Journal of Neolithic Archaeology}, title = {Innate and/or expressed identities: Their conceptualization through monumentality, funerary practices and grave goods? Some examples from the megalithic tradition of western France.}, year = {2010}, issn = {2197-649X}, abstract = {The notion of identity has sometimes been implicitly likened to methodology of classification, which applies to prehistorian’s work in order to better position the subject of his research in time and space. Concerning megalithism in Western France, a model of unilinear development has now prevailed for about fifteen years, drawing a parallel between the classification of architectures and what appeared to be new suggestions concerning the periodisation of material culture. This model struggles in accounting for the entire diversity of the observed facts. Therefore, one has to accept the idea of multiplicity of identities or of multifaceted identities, sometimes coexisting within the same place. A technological approach assumes that all material implementation realized by men – beyond functional constraints and specificities – bears a part of innate identity resulting from the manner in which the operational sequences, whether simple or complex, are set up. At the same time, all these implementations materialise a conceptual standard to which expressed identity values are often attributed. Amongst the numerous conceptual standards whose entire diversity we only just start to perceive in the megalithism of Western France, a very elongated trapeze-shaped plan lined by two lateral quarries is valorised. According to a general proposal hardly new in itself, this standard is not without recalling the plan of the Danubian house .}, doi = {10.12766/jna.2010.34}, keywords = {western France; megalithic tradition; identities;}, url = {http://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/34}, }
- J. Müller, Großsteingräber, grabenwerke, langhügel: frühe monumentalbauten mitteleuropas, Theiss, konrad, 2017.
[BibTeX] [Download PDF]@Book{Mueller2017, title = {Gro{\ss}steingr{\"a}ber, Grabenwerke, Langh{\"u}gel: Fr{\"u}he Monumentalbauten Mitteleuropas}, publisher = {Theiss, Konrad}, year = {2017}, author = {M{\"u}ller, J.}, isbn = {9783806234633}, url = {https://books.google.de/books?id=9GxvvgAACAAJ}, }
- M. Gillings, J. Pollard, D. Wheatley, R. Peterson, R. Cleal, N. Cooper, P. Courtney, F. Coward, A. David, R. Gale, A. Gouldwell, J. Gunter, H. Lewis, P. Macdonald, A. Mann, L. Martin, L. Mepham, G. Morgan, R. Mount, P. Parkes, E. Rhodes, V. Roberts, J. Schwenninger, N. Snashall, J. White, and R. Young, Landscape of the Megaliths: Excavation and Fieldwork on the Avebury Monuments, 1997-2003, Oxbow books, 2008.
[BibTeX] [Abstract] [Download PDF]
This volume describes the results of the Longstones Project , a joint-universities programme of excavation and survey designed to develop a fuller understanding of the context and dynamics of monument construction in the later Neolithic (3rd millennium BC) of the Avebury region, Wiltshire. Several elements of this internationally important prehistoric monument complex were investigated: an early-mid 3rd millennium BC enclosure at Beckhampton; the recently re-discovered Beckhampton Avenue and Longstones Cove; a section of the West Kennet Avenue; the Falkner’s stone circle; and the Cove within Avebury’s Northern Inner Circle. The research sheds new light on the complexities and development of this monument rich area and consideration is given to the questions of how and why ceremonial centres such as that at Avebury came into being in the 3rd millennium BC. The importance of understanding the agency – the affective and perceived inherent qualities – of materials and landscapes is stressed; and the unusual character of the Wessex monument complexes is highlighted by comparison with the format and sequences of other ceremonial centres in southern Britain. The second part of the monograph tracks the later, post-prehistoric, lives of Avebury’s megalithic monuments including a detailed account of the early 18th-century records of the Beckhampton Avenue made by the antiquary William Stukeley.
@Book{10.2307/j.ctt1cfr8sf, title = {{L}andscape of the {M}egaliths: {E}xcavation and {F}ieldwork on the {A}vebury {M}onuments, 1997-2003}, publisher = {Oxbow Books}, year = {2008}, author = {Mark Gillings and Joshua Pollard and David Wheatley and Rick Peterson and Rosamund Cleal and Nicholas Cooper and Paul Courtney and Fiona Coward and Andrew David and Rowena Gale and Anthony Gouldwell and James Gunter and Helen Lewis and Philip Macdonald and Andrew Mann and Louise Martin and Lorraine Mepham and Graham Morgan and Rosina Mount and Philip Parkes and Ed Rhodes and Vaughan Roberts and Jean-Luc Schwenninger and Nicola Snashall and Joe White and Ruth Young}, isbn = {9781842179710}, abstract = {This volume describes the results of the Longstones Project , a joint-universities programme of excavation and survey designed to develop a fuller understanding of the context and dynamics of monument construction in the later Neolithic (3rd millennium BC) of the Avebury region, Wiltshire. Several elements of this internationally important prehistoric monument complex were investigated: an early-mid 3rd millennium BC enclosure at Beckhampton; the recently re-discovered Beckhampton Avenue and Longstones Cove; a section of the West Kennet Avenue; the Falkner's stone circle; and the Cove within Avebury's Northern Inner Circle. The research sheds new light on the complexities and development of this monument rich area and consideration is given to the questions of how and why ceremonial centres such as that at Avebury came into being in the 3rd millennium BC. The importance of understanding the agency - the affective and perceived inherent qualities - of materials and landscapes is stressed; and the unusual character of the Wessex monument complexes is highlighted by comparison with the format and sequences of other ceremonial centres in southern Britain. The second part of the monograph tracks the later, post-prehistoric, lives of Avebury's megalithic monuments including a detailed account of the early 18th-century records of the Beckhampton Avenue made by the antiquary William Stukeley.}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1cfr8sf}, }
- A. Burl, The stone circles of britain, ireland, and brittany, Yale university press, 2000.
[BibTeX]@Book{burl2000stone, title = {The Stone Circles of Britain, Ireland, and Brittany}, publisher = {Yale University Press}, year = {2000}, author = {Burl, A.}, isbn = {9780300083477}, lccn = {99087909}, }
- A. Burl, Prehistoric Henges, Shire archaeology, 1991.
[BibTeX]@Book{burl1991prehistoric, title = {Prehistoric {H}enges}, publisher = {Shire Archaeology}, year = {1991}, author = {Burl, A.}, series = {Shire Series}, isbn = {9780747801238}, lccn = {91226958}, }
- D. Evers, Felsbilder – botschaften der vorzeit, Urania-verlag, 1991.
[BibTeX]@Book{Evers91, title = {Felsbilder - Botschaften der Vorzeit}, publisher = {Urania-Verlag}, year = {1991}, author = {Dietrich Evers}, isbn = {3-332-00482-4}, }
- G. Nash, “A scattering of images: the rock-art of southern britain.” , 2007.
[BibTeX]@InBook{Nash07, chapter = {Art as Metaphor: The Prehistoric Rock-art of Britain}, title = {A Scattering of images: The Rock-art of southern Britain}, year = {2007}, author = {George Nash}, isbn = {978-1-905739-16-5}, }
- S. Cassen, “Pigeon-raven, snake and sperm whale, magical objects and domestic horned,” in Proc. of the 11th neolithic seminar, 2004.
[BibTeX] [Download PDF]@InProceedings{Cassen04, author = {Serge Cassen}, title = {Pigeon-raven, snake and sperm whale, magical objects and domestic horned}, booktitle = {Proc. of the 11th Neolithic Seminar}, year = {2004}, url = {http://arheologija.ff.uni-lj.si/documenta/pdf32/32cassen.pdf}, }
- R. Bradley, “Deaths and Entrances: A Contextual Analysis of Megalithic Art,” Current anthropology, vol. 30, p. 68–75, 1989.
[BibTeX]@Article{Bradley89, author = {Richard Bradley}, title = {Deaths and {E}ntrances: {A} {C}ontextual {A}nalysis of {M}egalithic {A}rt}, journal = {Current Anthropology}, year = {1989}, volume = {30}, pages = {68--75}, }
- J. Dronfield, “Subjective visions and the source of irish megalithic art,” Antiquity, vol. 69, p. 539–549, 1995.
[BibTeX]@Article{Dron95, author = {Jeremy Dronfield}, title = {Subjective Visions and the Source of Irish Megalithic Art}, journal = {Antiquity}, year = {1995}, volume = {69}, pages = {539--549}, }
- D. Lewis-Williams and T. A. Dowson, “The signs of all times: entoptic phenomena in Upper Paleolithic art,” Antiquity, vol. 29, p. 201–45, 1988.
[BibTeX]@Article{Lewis-Williams1988, author = {David Lewis-Williams and T.A. Dowson}, title = {The signs of all times: entoptic phenomena in {U}pper {P}aleolithic art}, journal = {Antiquity}, year = {1988}, volume = {29}, pages = {201--45}, }
- S. J. Lubbock, “Pre-historic times: as illustrated by ancient remains, and the manners and customs of modern savages,” (london), 1865.
[BibTeX]@Article{Lubbock1865, author = {S.J. Lubbock}, title = {Pre-historic Times: As Illustrated by Ancient Remains, and the Manners and Customs of Modern Savages}, journal = {(London)}, year = {1865}, }
- J. Pollard, M. Gillings, and D. Wheatley, “Pulling back the covers on sleeping stones: recent excavations on the beckhampton avenue, avebury,” Lithics–the journal of the lithic studies society, iss. 20, p. 31, 2016.
[BibTeX] [Download PDF]@Article{pollard2016pulling, author = {Pollard, Josh and Gillings, Mark and Wheatley, David}, title = {Pulling Back the Covers on Sleeping Stones: Recent Excavations on the Beckhampton Avenue, Avebury}, journal = {Lithics--The Journal of the Lithic Studies Society}, year = {2016}, number = {20}, pages = {31}, url = {http://journal.lithics.org/index.php/lithics/article/view/512/497}, }
- I. F. Smith and A. Keiller, Windmill hill and avebury: excavations by alexander keiller, 1925-1939, Clarendon press, 1965.
[BibTeX]@Book{smith1965windmill, title = {Windmill Hill and Avebury: excavations by Alexander Keiller, 1925-1939}, publisher = {Clarendon Press}, year = {1965}, author = {Smith, Isobel Foster and Keiller, Alexander}, }
- U. Schwegler, Chronologie und regionalität neolithischer kollektivgräber in europa und in der schweiz, Librum publishers & editors, 2016.
[BibTeX] [Download PDF]@Book{schwegler2016chronologie, title = {Chronologie und Regionalit{\"a}t neolithischer Kollektivgr{\"a}ber in Europa und in der Schweiz}, publisher = {Librum Publishers \& Editors}, year = {2016}, author = {Schwegler, U.}, series = {Archaologische Prospektion - Archaeological Survey}, isbn = {9783952454206}, lccn = {2016383921}, url = {https://books.google.de/books?id=wtsrjwEACAAJ}, }
- M. Furholt, D. Mischka, K. Rassmann, and G. Schafferer, “Megaform – ein formalisierungssystem für die analyse monumentaler baustrukturen des neolithikums im nördlichen mitteleuropa,” Journal of neolithic archaeology, 2010. doi:10.12766/jna.2010.60
[BibTeX] [Download PDF]@Article{Furholt_Mischka_Rassmann_Schafferer_2010, author = {Furholt, Martin and Mischka, Doris and Rassmann, Knut and Schafferer, Georg}, journal = {Journal of Neolithic Archaeology}, title = {MegaForm - Ein Formalisierungssystem für die Analyse monumentaler Baustrukturen des Neolithikums im nördlichen Mitteleuropa}, year = {2010}, month = {Nov.}, abstractnote = {MegaForm is a recording system for Neolithic megaliths in northern Central Europe and southern Scandinavia. It was created in the context of the Priority Program 1400 “Early Monumentality and Social Differentiationâ€. It aims at formalising the recording of architectural traits of megaliths, non-megalithic monuments and simple graves, focussing on single characteristics, not on complex types. Specific national traditions have resulted in different terminologies. MegaForm unites these into one overall recording system, a new standard for the recording and description of megaliths. In this article, the recording system is proposed and commented, and it is possible to download a suitable database system.}, doi = {10.12766/jna.2010.60}, url = {https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/60}, }
- E. Sprockhoff, Atlas der Megalithgräber Deutschlands. Teil 1: Schleswig-Holstein, Habelt, 1965.
[BibTeX]@Book{Sprockhoff1965, author = {Sprockhoff, Ernst}, publisher = {Habelt}, title = {Atlas der {M}egalithgräber {D}eutschlands. {T}eil 1: {S}chleswig-{H}olstein}, year = {1965}, isbn = {9783774905177}, }
- E. Sprockhoff, Atlas der Megalithgräber Deutschlands. Teil 2: Mecklenburg, Brandenburg, Pommern, Habelt, 1967.
[BibTeX]@Book{Sprockhoff1967, author = {Sprockhoff, Ernst}, publisher = {Habelt}, title = {Atlas der {M}egalithgräber {D}eutschlands. {T}eil 2: {M}ecklenburg, {B}randenburg, {P}ommern}, year = {1967}, isbn = {978-3-7749-0743-0}, }
- E. Sprockhoff, Atlas der Megalithgräber Deutschlands. Teil 3: Niedersachsen – Westfalen, Aus dem Nachlaß hrsg. von gerhard körner, habelt, 1975.
[BibTeX]@Book{Sprockhoff1975, author = {Sprockhoff, Ernst}, publisher = {aus dem {N}achlaß hrsg. von Gerhard Körner, Habelt}, title = {Atlas der {M}egalithgräber {D}eutschlands. {T}eil 3: {N}iedersachsen - {W}estfalen}, year = {1975}, isbn = {9783774913269}, }
- J. E. Walkowitz, Das Megalithsyndrom : europäische Kultplätze der Steinzeit, Langenweissbach: Beier & Beran, 2003.
[BibTeX]@Book{walkowitz2003das, author = {Walkowitz, Jürgen E.}, publisher = {Beier \& {B}eran}, title = {Das {M}egalithsyndrom : europäische {K}ultplätze der {S}teinzeit}, year = {2003}, address = {Langenweissbach}, isbn = {9783930036707}, }
- J. Müller, Megaliths and funnel beakers: societies in change 4100-2700 bc, Drieendertigste kroon-voordracht, 2011.
[BibTeX]@Book{Mueller2011, author = {M{\"u}ller, Johannes}, publisher = {Drieendertigste Kroon-Voordracht}, title = {Megaliths and Funnel Beakers: Societies in Change 4100-2700 BC}, year = {2011}, }
- M. Wunderlich, J. Müller, and M. Hinz, “Diversified monuments: a chronological framework of the creation of monumental landscapes in prehistoric europe,” in Megaliths – societies – landscapesearly monumentality and social differentiation in neolithic europe, vol.1, 2019.
[BibTeX]@InProceedings{Wunderlich2019, author = {Wunderlich, Maria and Müller, Johannes and Hinz, Martin}, booktitle = {Megaliths – Societies – LandscapesEarly Monumentality and Social Differentiation in Neolithic Europe, Vol.1}, title = {Diversified monuments: A chronological framework of the creation of monumental landscapes in prehistoric Europe}, year = {2019}, }
- A. Burl, Megalithic brittany : a guide to over 350 ancient sites and monuments, London: Thames and hudson, 1985.
[BibTeX]@Book{Burl85, author = {Burl, Aubrey}, publisher = {Thames and Hudson}, title = {Megalithic Brittany : a guide to over 350 ancient sites and monuments}, year = {1985}, address = {London}, isbn = {0-500-27460-6}, }
- E. Twohig, The megalithic art of western europe, Oxford New York: Clarendon press oxford university press, 1981.
[BibTeX]@Book{Twohig1981, author = {Twohig, Elizabeth}, publisher = {Clarendon Press Oxford University Press}, title = {The megalithic art of Western Europe}, year = {1981}, address = {Oxford New York}, isbn = {0-19-813193-3}, }
- J. Le Quellec, “L’art mégalithique en france: récents développements / megalithic art in france: recent developments.), p. 689-719,,” in Origine et développement du mégalithisme de l’ouest de l’europe, bougon, 2002.
[BibTeX]@InProceedings{LeQuellec2002, author = {Le Quellec, Jean-Loïc}, booktitle = {Origine et développement du mégalithisme de l'ouest de l'Europe, Bougon}, title = {L'art mégalithique en France: récents développements / Megalithic art in France: Recent Developments.), p. 689-719,}, year = {2002}, month = oct, }
- U. Schwegler, “Chronologie und regionalität neolithischer kollektivgräber in europa und in der schweiz,” , U. Ŝchwegler, Ed., Hochwald (Schweiz: Librum publishers & editors, 2016, p. 259–277.
[BibTeX]@InBook{SchweglerLexikon2016, author = {Schwegler, Urs}, chapter = {Anhang 2 - Lexikon von Begriffen bei Kollektivgräbern}, editor = {Ŝchwegler, Urs}, pages = {259--277}, publisher = {Librum Publishers \& Editors}, title = {Chronologie und Regionalität neolithischer Kollektivgräber in Europa und in der Schweiz}, year = {2016}, address = {Hochwald (Schweiz}, isbn = {978-3-9524542-0-6}, }
- S. B. Paulsson, “Radiocarbon dates and bayesian modeling support maritime diffusion model for megaliths in europe,” Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, vol. 116, iss. 9, p. 3460–3465, 2019.
[BibTeX]@Article{paulsson2019radiocarbon, author = {Paulsson, B Schulz}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, title = {Radiocarbon dates and Bayesian modeling support maritime diffusion model for megaliths in Europe}, year = {2019}, number = {9}, pages = {3460--3465}, volume = {116}, publisher = {National Acad Sciences}, }
- V. Pingel, “Megalithgruppen und ihre archäologische differen-zierung – ein rückblick,” in Studien zur megalithik : forschungsstand und ethnoarchäologische perspektiven, Mannheim, 1999.
[BibTeX]@InProceedings{Pingel1999, author = {Pingel,, V.}, booktitle = {Studien zur Megalithik : Forschungsstand und ethnoarchäologische Perspektiven}, title = {Megalithgruppen und ihre archäologische Differen-zierung – ein Rückblick}, year = {1999}, address = {Mannheim}, editor = {Beinhauer, Karl}, publisher = {Beier \& Beran}, isbn = {3-930036-36-3}, }
- E. Schuldt, “Die mecklenburgischen megalithgräber. untersu-chungen zu ihrer architektur und funktion.,” Beiträge zur ur- und früh-geschichte der bezirke rostock, schwerin und neubrandenburg, vol. 6, 1972.
[BibTeX]@Article{Schuldt1972, author = {Schuldt, E.}, journal = {Beiträge zur Ur- und Früh-geschichte der Bezirke Rostock, Schwerin und Neubrandenburg}, title = {Die mecklenburgischen Megalithgräber. Untersu-chungen zu ihrer Architektur und Funktion.}, year = {1972}, volume = {6}, }
- A. Burl, Megalithic brittany : a guide to over 350 ancient sites and monuments, London: Thames and hudson, 1985.
[BibTeX]@Book{burl1985megalithic, author = {Burl, Aubrey}, publisher = {Thames and Hudson}, title = {Megalithic Brittany : a guide to over 350 ancient sites and monuments}, year = {1985}, address = {London}, isbn = {0-500-27460-6}, }
- R. Elburg, W. Hein, A. Probst, and P. Walter, “Field trials in neolithic woodworking – (re)learning to use early neolithic stone adzes,” Exarc journal, iss. 2, 2015.
[BibTeX] [Download PDF]@Article{Elburg2015, author = {R. Elburg and W. Hein and A. Probst and P. Walter}, journal = {EXARC Journal}, title = {Field Trials in Neolithic Woodworking – (Re)Learning to Use Early Neolithic Stone Adzes}, year = {2015}, issn = {2212-8956}, month = may, number = {2}, url = {https://exarc.net/ark:/88735/10196}, }
- M. O’Sullivan and Sullivan, “Megalithic tombs and storied landscapes in neolithic ireland,” , 2022.
[BibTeX]@Article{OSullivan2022, author = {O'Sullivan, Muiris and Sullivan,}, title = {Megalithic tombs and storied landscapes in Neolithic Ireland}, year = {2022}, month = {11}, }
- G. Robin, “Spatial structures and symbolic systems in irish and british passage tombs: the organization of architectural elements, parietal carved signs and funerary deposits,” Cambridge archaeological journal, vol. 20, pp. 373-418, 2010. doi:10.1017/S0959774310000478
[BibTeX]@Article{Robin2010, author = {Robin, Guillaume}, journal = {Cambridge Archaeological Journal}, title = {Spatial Structures and Symbolic Systems in Irish and British Passage Tombs: The Organization of Architectural Elements, Parietal Carved Signs and Funerary Deposits}, year = {2010}, month = {10}, pages = {373 - 418}, volume = {20}, doi = {10.1017/S0959774310000478}, }
- M. O’Sullivan, Megalithic art in ireland, Country house, 1993.
[BibTeX]@Book{OSullivan1993, author = {Muiris O'Sullivan}, publisher = {Country House}, title = {Megalithic art in Ireland}, year = {1993}, isbn = {0946172366}, }
- J. P. Brozio, W. Dörfler, I. Feeser, W. Kirleis, S. Klooß, and J. Müller, “A middle neolithic well from northern germany: a precise source to reconstruct water supply management, subsistence economy, and deposition practices,” Journal of archaeological science, vol. 51, pp. 135-153, 2014. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.03.029
[BibTeX] [Abstract] [Download PDF]
Wells constitute a seldom, but important archive particularly as a source for reconstructing prehistoric economy. For the newly discovered Middle Neolithic well of the Funnel Beaker North Group at the domestic site of Oldenburg-Dannau LA77 (North Germany), a deposition of settlement refuse in a former well was documented. Due to depositional processes, the remains provided a detailed palaeo-ecological and archaeological archive for a short time-span around 3050 cal BC. The integration of wells in Middle Neolithic water management strategies, the high value of cereal production – including cereal threshing in the settlement and the documentation of a large number of querns – as well as the early management of “fruit gardens” were reconstructed. Subsequently, the probabilities of profane versus ritual social praxis associated with the depositional process were discussed.
@Article{Brozio2014, author = {Jan Piet Brozio and Walter Dörfler and Ingo Feeser and Wiebke Kirleis and Stefanie Klooß and Johannes Müller}, journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science}, title = {A Middle Neolithic well from Northern Germany: a precise source to reconstruct water supply management, subsistence economy, and deposition practices}, year = {2014}, issn = {0305-4403}, note = {The world reshaped: practices and impacts of early agrarian societies}, pages = {135-153}, volume = {51}, abstract = {Wells constitute a seldom, but important archive particularly as a source for reconstructing prehistoric economy. For the newly discovered Middle Neolithic well of the Funnel Beaker North Group at the domestic site of Oldenburg-Dannau LA77 (North Germany), a deposition of settlement refuse in a former well was documented. Due to depositional processes, the remains provided a detailed palaeo-ecological and archaeological archive for a short time-span around 3050 cal BC. The integration of wells in Middle Neolithic water management strategies, the high value of cereal production – including cereal threshing in the settlement and the documentation of a large number of querns – as well as the early management of “fruit gardens” were reconstructed. Subsequently, the probabilities of profane versus ritual social praxis associated with the depositional process were discussed.}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.03.029}, keywords = {Funnel Beaker North Group, Neolithic economy, Well, Deposition processes, Palynology, Archaeobotany}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440313001283}, }
- J. P. Brozio, “Megalithanlagen und siedlungsmuster im trichterbecherzeitlichen ostholstein,” PhD Thesis, 2016.
[BibTeX]@PhdThesis{Brozio2016, author = {Brozio, Jan Piet}, title = {Megalithanlagen und Siedlungsmuster im trichterbecherzeitlichen Ostholstein}, year = {2016}, publisher = {in Kommission bei Verlag Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH}, }
- L. Barrows and T. Structures, Aspects of the early neolithic mortuary practice in denmark.
[BibTeX]@Misc{Barrows, author = {Barrows, Long and Structures, Timber}, title = {Aspects of the Early Neolithic Mortuary Practice in Denmark}, volume = {45}, }
- T. Madsen, “Earthen long barrows and timber structures: aspects of the early neolithic mortuary practice in denmark,” Proceedings of the prehistoric society, vol. 45, p. 301–320, 1979. doi:10.1017/S0079497X00009774
[BibTeX]@Article{Madsen1979, author = {Madsen, Torsten}, journal = {Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society}, title = {Earthen Long Barrows and Timber Structures: Aspects of the Early Neolithic Mortuary Practice in Denmark}, year = {1979}, pages = {301–320}, volume = {45}, doi = {10.1017/S0079497X00009774}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, }
- P. Chambon and A. Thomas, “The first monumental cemeteries of western europe : the „passy type“ necropolis in the paris basin around 4500 bc,” Journal of neolithic archaeology, vol. 12, iss. 2, 2010. doi:10.12766/jna.2010.37
[BibTeX] [Download PDF]@Article{Chambon2010, author = {Chambon, Philippe and Thomas, Aline}, journal = {Journal of Neolithic Archaeology}, title = {The first monumental cemeteries of western Europe : the „Passy type“ necropolis in the Paris basin around 4500 BC}, year = {2010}, month = {Oct.}, number = {2}, volume = {12}, abstractnote = {In the Seine-Yonne basin at around 4500 B.C. numerous cemeteries appeared, including giant “enclosures” which as a funerary manifestation would have no later equivalent in Europe. These constructions, whether tumuli, palisade enclosures, or mixed systems, sometimes exceed 300 m in length but contain very few burials. Beyond the classic interpretation, which sees high investment in a few individuals as reflecting a hierarchical society, structural analysis of these cemeteries shows the repetition of an elementary module, associated with consistent attributes, evoking hunting and more broadly, the wild. An exercise of association and exclusion brings into play the morphology and arrangements of the monuments, the gender of the inhumed individuals and their attributes. In the male monuments, a central figure is thus distinguished, sometimes with original physical characteristics and accompanied by an enigmatic insignia: a pointed bone instrument with a wide base, trivially called an “Eiffel Tower”. This figure is surrounded by other individuals interpreted as hunters on the basis of the accompanying objects. Other individuals probably served as no more than passive figurants, rather like foils. In any case, the monumental cemeteries of the 5th millennium correspond to the earliest human groups for which we can identify diverse and repetitive statuses.}, doi = {10.12766/jna.2010.37}, url = {https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/37}, }
- C. Boujot and S. Cassen, “A pattern of evolution for the neolithic funerary structures of the west of france,” Antiquity, vol. 67, pp. 477-491, 1993.
[BibTeX]@Article{Boujot1993, author = {Christine Boujot and Serge Cassen}, journal = {Antiquity}, title = {A pattern of evolution for the Neolithic funerary structures of the west of France}, year = {1993}, pages = {477 - 491}, volume = {67}, }
- J. Müller, H. Dibbern, and F. Hage, “Non-megalithic mounds beneath megaliths: a new perspective on monumentality in north central europe.” 2014.
[BibTeX] [Download PDF]@InProceedings{Mueller2014, author = {Johannes Müller and Hauke Dibbern and Franziska Hage}, title = {Non-megalithic mounds beneath megaliths: A new perspective on monumentality in North Central Europe}, year = {2014}, editor = {Hinz, Martin and Mischka, Doris and Noble, Gordon and Olausson, Deborah}, publisher = {Verlag Dr. Rudolf Habelt}, url = {http://www.monument.ufg.uni-kiel.de/fileadmin/projekte/common/fmsd4/FMSD_04.pdf}, }
- A. Pelisiak, “The funnel beaker culture: long barrows as the landscape of the dead within the landscapes of the living.” 2014.
[BibTeX] [Download PDF]@InProceedings{Pelisiak2014, author = {Andrzej Pelisiak}, title = {The Funnel Beaker culture: Long barrows as the landscape of the dead within the landscapes of the living}, year = {2014}, editor = {Hinz, Martin and Mischka, Doris and Noble, Gordon and Olausson, Deborah}, publisher = {Verlag Dr. Rudolf Habelt}, url = {http://www.monument.ufg.uni-kiel.de/fileadmin/projekte/common/fmsd4/FMSD_04.pdf}, }
- J. Fergusson, Rude stone monuments in all countries : their age and uses, J. murray, london, 1872.
[BibTeX]@Book{Fergusson1872, author = {Fergusson, James}, publisher = {J. Murray, London}, title = {Rude stone monuments in all countries : their age and uses}, year = {1872}, }